Comment 6 for bug 1903864

At least for the mentioned issue (Thanks Jaromir) d10e05f15d was in qemu v3.1.0

The fixup is in
https://git.qemu.org/?p=qemu.git;a=commit;h=88f830745721ba8c9e9d2831c01045a6f130c1a6
which is in qemu >=5.1

On an otherwise identical system I can reproduce the issue:

1:4.2-3ubuntu6.11

$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -S -display none -monitor stdio -chardev null,id=tpm0 -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0
qemu-system-x86_64: -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm: tpm-emulator: tpm chardev 'chrtpm' not found.
qemu-system-x86_64: -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm: tpm-emulator: Could not cleanly shutdown the TPM: No such file or directory
QEMU 4.2.1 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) qemu-system-x86_64: -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0: Property 'tpm-tis.tpmdev' can't find value 'tpm0'

1:5.0-5ubuntu9.2~backport20.04-202011301725~ubuntu20.04.1

root@f:~# qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -S -display none -monitor stdio -chardev null,id=tpm0 -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0
qemu-system-x86_64: -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm: tpm-emulator: tpm chardev 'chrtpm' not found.
qemu-system-x86_64: -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm: tpm-emulator: Could not cleanly shutdown the TPM: No such file or directory
QEMU 5.0.0 monitor - type 'help' for more information
(qemu) qemu-system-x86_64: -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0: Property 'tpm-tis.tpmdev' can't find value 'tpm0'

1:5.1+dfsg-4ubuntu1~ppa4

$ qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -S -display none -monitor stdio -chardev null,id=tpm0 -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0
qemu-system-x86_64: -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm: tpm-emulator: tpm chardev 'chrtpm' not found

1:5.2+dfsg-3ubuntu1

root@h:~# qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -S -display none -monitor stdio -chardev null,id=tpm0 -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0
qemu-system-x86_64: -tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm: tpm-emulator: tpm chardev 'chrtpm' not found

So it seems to confirm that starting with 5.1 and later that particular issue is gone.
My environment isn't necesarily useful for TPM. That other remaining issue around the chardev that I have might not apply to you.

Could you give the qemu 5.2 from Ubuntu 21.04 Hirsute a try please in your environment.
If it would work we can try to backport the changes to at least Focal+Groovy I'd say.