Direct all Caffeine console input using the 'logging' module

Currently, we output debug messages using simple "print" statements. If we start outputting the logging info via proper usage of Python's 'logging' module, it could be very helpful in debugging. For example, since all logging messages would be outputted with an associated date/time, we could see if the timed activation really was coming on for exactly 3 minutes and then turning off again, without having to observe the operation of Caffeine directly. I will also beef up the number and informativeness of the logging messages as a part of this work.